Innovation is nowadays seen as an essential success factor in achieving economic prosperity and competing in markets. It is one of the most important determinants of the competitive process throughout the world, helping economies catch up with developing and changing technologies while revealing...

Knowledge and innovations are considered to be among the most important factors that determine the pace and quality of economic growth. Therefore, Poland is facing a serious challenge to effectively transform its economy into an innovative economy capable of competing with the most developed...

The growing importance of innovation in the modern economy has revived the interest of economic sciences in studies on the mechanisms that govern innovation and its impact on economic development. This growth of interest induced the concept of the national system of innovation (NSI), which...

The main aim of the paper is to assess the innovation gap between the national innovation systems (NIS) of the European Union (EU) and the average level of innovation of EU economies. The study takes into account NIS identified in the literature, i.e., (a) developed systems and (b) developing...