This article discusses ways in which the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and post-GATS free trade agreements may limit the EU's ability to regulate privacy and personal data protection as fundamental rights. After discussing this issue in two dimensions – the vertical...

This chapter compares the narratives underlying the EU’s approach to governing cross-border data flows and their reflection in the EU’s trade policy with those of the US and China. It demonstrates that, although the policy concerns behind the EU, US and China’s restrictions on data flows...

“Digital sovereignty” has become a buzzword of the new European policies and rules on data governance. This discourse, however, is not entirely new. Already at the dawn of data protection laws in Europe, information sovereignty was one of the concerns that regulation of personal data flows...