The paper aims to identify and analyze potential legal avenues for phasing out fossil fuels in the European Union using EU State aid rules. Our analysis of the EU’s legal framework reveals that the EU State aid rules would allow the European Commission to effectively target and monitor fossil...

The EU agreed to phase out fossil fuel subsidies (FFS). Nevertheless, FFS strongly increased in 2022 to address the effects of the energy price spikes reached during the energy crisis. Phasing out FFS is therefore also a critical element analysed as part of the European Semester. This paper...