In entry-exit gas markets as they are currently implemented in Europe, network constraints do not affect market interaction beyond the technical capacities determined by the TSO that restrict the quantities individual firms can trade at the market. It is an up to now unanswered question to what...

This paper proposes a spatial equilibrium problem for a pulp and paper supply chain in the combined framework of circular economy and environmental regulations. The developed closed-loop supply chain model accounts for the forest deployment and the production of paper using both virgin pulp and...