The EU is a supranational governance organization which is quasi-federal in institutional structure and quasi-pluralist in policymaking processes. As such, it has had a significant impact on all member-states' institutional structures, whether federal or unitary, and their policymaking...

Democratic legitimacy for the EU is problematic if it is seen as a future nation-state. If instead the EU were seen as a regional state - with shared sovereignty, variable boundaries, composite identity, compound governance, and a fragmented democracy in which the EU level assures governance and...

Special topic: Using fat survey data to nowcast euro area GDP growth. After losses in 2018-Q1 and a broad sideways movement in Q2, the euro-area (EA) and EU Economic Sentiment Indicators (ESI) posted moderate decreases of 0.9 (EU) and 1.4 (EA) points in the third quarter. In both cases, the...

Building on the vision set out in the Five Presidents' Report, the Commission presented its roadmap for deepening Europe's Economic and Monetary Union in December 2017. As a next step, in the Multiannual Financial Framework, the Commission is proposing a Reform Support Programme alongside a...