The objective of this paper is a presentation of results of an analysis of the Three Seas Initiative (TSI), whose participating countries (except Austria) treat it as a method of: a) reducing their dependence on crude oil and natural gas imports from Russia, thus increasing their energy...

The original BRICS grouping of five was not a multilateral security alliance like NATO, and neither does the recent expansion of BRICS resemble the expansion of NATO. The members of the expanded BRICS are divided between those that are largely hostile toward the West in general and the US in...

The BRICS' expansion should be seen in the context of an ongoing challenge to the international order in general, and the West's competition with China and Russia in particular. China views the current difficulties of the liberal international order as a moment of "strategic opportunity,"...