councils may be construed as largely beneficial. However, any such optimistic evaluation is heavily qualified by union … organization and in particular workplace unionism. Establishment union density seemingly blunts the performance of employee …

councils are associated with reduced strike activity. However, where union members make up a majority of works councillors …, such union-dominated councils experience greater strike activity than do their counterparts with minority union membership …, and also more strikes than establishments with union workplace representation where union members are in a minority …