The study estimates educational production functions for seven eastern European transition countries, using student-level data for lower secondary education. The analysis several distinctive features. First, the countries can be divided into two groups, which share similar characteristics in...

We estimate educational production functions for seven Eastern European transition countries, using student-level TIMSS data for lower secondary education. The results show substantial effects of student background on educational performance and a much lower impact of resources and the...

We estimate educational production functions for seven Eastern European transition countries, using student-level TIMSS data for lower secondary education. The results show substantial effects of student background on educational performance and a much lower impact of resources and the...