Recently, the European Commission has issued the Directive 2004/35/CE on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental liability. The Directive extends liability that usually refers to personal injuries and private property to harm where private property...

We consider a model of optimal law enforcement where sanctions can be reduced for self-reporting individuals. The literature is extended in two directions: First, we distinguish between two self-reporting stages: a first one before the case is investigated, and a second one where the criminal is...