In many growth models, economic growth arises from people creating ideas, and the long-run growth rate is the product of two terms: the effective number of researchers and their research productivity. We present a wide range of evidence from various industries, products, and firms showing that...

The two aspects of research and development (R&D) involving the stimulation of innovation and the facilitation of technology transfer are examined. There has been little econometric work done that assesses the statistical significance and quantitative importance of the technology transfer aspect...

We have conducted the first survey on management practices in transition countries. We found that Central Asian transition countries, such as Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, have on average very poor management practices. Their average scores are below emerging countries such as Brazil, China and...