The paper introduces the concept of social divergence, defined as the social barriers to communication and exchange between individuals and groups within a society, and analyses its impact on total factor productivity and per capita income. Using a cross section of 27 developing countries, total...

Barro and Lee (1994), in an influential empirical study of the determinants of economic growth, find that, whereas growth is positively related to male schooling, it is negatively related to female schooling. Stokey (1994) has suggested that this is largely due to the influence of four Asian...