The main objective of this study is to present a two-step approach to generate estimates of economic growth based on agents' expectations from tendency surveys. First, we design a genetic programming experiment to derive mathematical functional forms that approximate the target variable by...

We apply the two-step machine-learning method proposed by Claveria et al. (2021) to generate country-specific sentiment indicators that provide estimates of year-on-year GDP growth rates. In the first step, by means of genetic programming, business and consumer expectations are evolved to derive...

The main objective of this study is to present a two-step approach to generate estimates of economic growth based on agents' expectations from tendency surveys. First, we design a genetic programming experiment to derive mathematical functional forms that approximate the target variable by...