Recent analyses relate increases in the growth rate of countries to anticipation effects caused by bidding for the Olympic Games, so called news shocks. We argue that these findings should be interpreted cautiously. First, these analyses may suffer from an omitted variable bias because they...

World-class and prestigious sporting events, especially in football, draw many international visitors. One of such events was the European Football Championship held in Poland in 2012. The number of foreign tourists arriving in 2012, compared to the year 2011, showed a significant increase in...