Supplementary materials for "The cause of universality in growth fluctuations". As supplementary materials we provide the following: In Section 1 we discuss a modification to our model incorporating a constraint over the number of elements. In Section 2 we derive and discuss in detail the...

Phenomena as diverse as breeding bird populations, the size of U.S. firms, money invested in mutual funds, and the scientific output of universities all show unusual but remarkably similar growth fluctuations. The fluctuations display characteristic features, including heavy tails and anomalous...

For environmental problems such as global warming future costs must be balanced against present costs. This is traditionally done using an exponential function with a constant discount rate, which reduces the present value of future costs. The result is highly sensitive to the choice of discount...

We propose a novel decomposition of the input-output linkage impact into linkage efficiency and linkage strength. We show that, for standard multisectoral models, countries' GDP growth rates are related to the average total backward linkages in the economy, which we call linkage strength, and to...