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revealed the opposite result. Studies that examined the causality between FDI and gross domestic product (GDP) also have found … evidence of unidirectional causality and, in some cases, a bidirectional causality. This study investigated the causal nexus … causality to explore the direction of causality. The augmented ARDL model found a long-run relationship between FDI and GDP. In …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012602846
With data of over a century, 1833-1938, this paper attempts, for the first time, to analyze the causal relationship between income and government spending in the Greek economy for such a long period; that is, to gain some insight into Wagner and Keynesian Hypotheses. The time period of the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011134495
2013 are used in the analysis. The results from this study show that there exists a unidirectional long-run causality …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011108181
2013 are used in the analysis. The results from this study show that there exists a unidirectional long-run causality …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011111383
Toda and Yamamoto (1995) procedure in order to test the Granger causality between economic growth and military spending …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010900795
user cost of capital, and economic growth are cointegrated in Malaysia. Granger causality test reveals that there is a uni …-directional causality running from PDI to economic growth and also from PDI to the user cost of capital in the long run. Moreover, there is …, there is a strong evidence of a bi-directional causality between PDI, economic growth, and the user cost of capital in the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008784958
of trade. An augmented form of Granger causality analysis is implemented to identify the direction of relationship among …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011523113
-run relationship between financial development and economic growth. An augmented form of Granger causality analysis is implemented to … identify the direction of causality among the variables both in the short-run and the long-run. The empirical findings suggest …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011523134
Using SIPRI’s new consistent database on military expenditures, the paper examines the economic effects of such spending in the case of the 13 Latin American countries. Employing both linear and nonlinear tests, the nexus between defence spending, economic growth, and investment is...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011885698
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011716068