In the euro area, there is mixed evidence that the GDP per capita of lower-income economies has been catching up with that of higher-income economies since the start of monetary union. The significant real convergence performance of some of the most recent members contrasts with that of the...

This study aims to explore the levels of regional disparity in carbon emissions and intensity among different countries. Our study employs the distribution dynamics approach to uncover transition probabilities and the long-term evolution of relative per capita carbon emissions (REPC) and...

This paper investigates the convergence in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth focusing on the impact of financial crises (i.e. banking crises, currency crises and debt crises) and nominal exchange rate regimes (i.e. fixed, intermediate and flexible) on convergence. To that end, we compute...

This study examined the mediation effect of gross domestic product (GDP) on the relationship between life expectancy and income inequality based on data from 23 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for 2004 through 2014. To form a theoretical framework, Preston...