This paper provides a long-term view by studying the effect of the underground or shadow economy on economic growth in the Unites States over the period 1870 to 2014. Shadow activities might spur or retard economic growth depending on their interactions with the formal sector and impacts on the...

We examine the effect of software piracy on medium term growth using cross-country data over 2000–2007. While the empirical literature has focused on identifying the causes of software piracy, our contribution is to examine its effects. Our findings suggest that software piracy reduces...