for the curse of natural resources were corruption and a neglect of basic education. In order to overcome the curse of … corruption and ensure that their resource revenues are invested in human capital or the preservation of natural capital …

Although economists have long studied the impact of bribery on firms' development, the debate continues as to whether … bribery ‘greases' or ‘sands' the growth of businesses. For this investigation, we acquired data from the Business Environment … bribery upon firms' development over a period of time. We found that bribing firms were more likely to bribe again three years …

Recent studies have highlighted the adverse impact of corruption on economic performance. This paper advances the … hypothesis that corruption is largely a symptom of underlying weaknesses in public policies and institutions, a formulation that … provides deeper insights into economic performance than do measures of perceived corruption. The hypothesis is tested by …