This chapter explores the central question: Is Vietnam transitioning out of socialism and/or transforming socialism? For decades, commentators have confidently predicted that Vietnam is transitioning out of socialism towards ‘market-Leninism’. This chapter argues that political, legal and...

This article argues that judicial independence is a poor indicator of the capacity of courts to effectively resolve commercial disputes. Judicial power is a more accurate measure because it assesses whether courts have sufficient jurisdiction, discretionary authority and enforcement powers to...