Thirty years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is rather clear what transition policies have worked. Almost all the post-communist countries have become market economies and have achieved macroeconomic stability. Privatization was economically necessary, and its economic outcomes have...

Thirty years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is rather clear what transition policies have worked. Almost all the post-communist countries have become market economies and have achieved macroeconomic stability. Privatization was economically necessary, and its economic outcomes have...

The paper discusses the connection between the level of economic development and the political system of the Republic of Macedonia. Following Herbert Kitschelt's classification of communist regimes as bureaucratic-authoritarian, national-accommodative and patrimonial varieties, the paper...

This article reviews the role of the state in the development of the transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe. Among those countries Poland is today perceived as the leader as it was the only EU economy that survived the crisis without recession. In this study we show that the role of...

As a result of the program of social, political, and economic reforms called doi moi" (meaning renovation) implemented by the Communist Party in 1986, market forces have been allowed to operate in Vietnam subject to state supervision. The centerpiece of doi moi has been to attract foreign...

In the industrialized countries the diffusion of laser technology has been a fairly quick and far-reaching process. Although Hungarian laser R&D has a long history, and has respectable achievements to its credit, the diffusion of laser technology has not been that successful in Hungary. The...

In 1989, most economists thought the problem of transition was one of allowing prices to float to market clearing levels. After all one of the most observable problems throughout the former socialist economies was the existence of pervasive shortages. Indeed prices did need to be freed up. But...