Mathematics has become an integral part of 20th century economics. Mathematical techniques that were considered to be on the fringes of economics even a few decades ago are today considered mainstream economics. Economists presented considerable resistance in the past to the encroachment of...

Economics fails to be a science for three fundamental reasons: Indeterminacy, Multiplicity and Non-verifiabilty. The first weakness, Indeterminacy, refers to the well-established fact that practically all economic models fail to provide unambiguous theoretical predictions, hence theory does not...