This paper discusses the potential role of low-cost private secondary schools in Tanzania. The share of private enrollment has been negatively correlated with the availability of public schools. With the 2016 Fee-Free Basic Education Policy, the public secondary education system is experiencing...

Many low- and middle-income countries lag far behind high-income countries in educational access and student learning. Limited resources mean that policymakers must make tough choices about which investments to make to improve education. Although hundreds of education interventions have been...

As evidence from rigorous impact evaluations grows in development, there have been more calls to complement impact evaluation analysis with cost analysis, so that policy makers can make investment decisions based on costs as well as impacts. This paper discusses important considerations for...

The standard summary metric of education-based human capital used in macro analyses-the average number of years of schooling in a population-is based only on quantity. But ignoring schooling quality turns out to be a major omission. As recent research shows, students in different countries who...

Education systems need to withstand frequent shocks, including conflict, disease, natural disasters, and climate events, all of which routinely close schools. During these emergencies, alternative models are needed to deliver education. However, rigorous evaluation of effective educational...

What is the best way to improve access and learning outcomes for girls This review brings together evidence from 267 educational interventions in 54 low- and middle-income countries - regardless of whether the interventions specifically target girls - and identifies their impacts on girls. To...