understandinghow these shocks can affect the educational attainment, adult health, and adult income of the children who lived through … to either a polio outbreak, or to introduction of the vaccine against the disease, had long-term impacts on adult income … association between parental loss during childhood and lower adult income, educational attainment, and worse health. This analysis …

substantial and heterogeneous employment responses that increased average income despite reduced transfers. We find zero effects …

-term outcomes, including lifetime income, health, cognitive skills, and education. Our results show that the school lunch program …

variation in the effects of highest education of parents on family’s ability to scale poverty, defined as the household’s income … parents. The dependent variable was household poverty status (income-to-needs ratio). Race was the focal moderator. Linear … household was associated with lower risk of poverty. Race, however, interacted with parental education attainment on household-income …