The great majority of studies on the effect of school quality on academic outcomes do not take account of changes in … student choices concerning effort if school quality, e.g. class size, changes. We show that empirical estimates of the "total …" effect of changes in school quality could be quite different from the "partial" effect holding other inputs (including …

improve students' long-term outcomes. Using school district and tax records for more than one million children, we find that … students assigned to high-VA teachers in primary school are more likely to attend college, earn higher salaries, and are less …

are able to match organizational practices at the school level with students' outcomes in a math standardized test. We …