initial racial gap in education and that slavery affects growth indirectly through this channel …We study the evolution of racial educational inequality across US states from 1940 to 2000. We show that throughout … determined by the initial gap. We obtain these results with 2SLS estimates where slavery is used as an instrument for the initial …

Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka . A theme of convergence is central to the narrative. Slaves were … Emancipation, black children continued to face many obstacles in acquiring education. In addition to their relative poverty and …

Income inequality is a critical issue in both political and public debate. Educational attainment is a key causal … factor of continuing inequality, since it influences human capital accumulation and, as a consequence, the unequal … distribution of earnings. Educational inequality displays a racial dimension that is particularly persistent and difficult to …

documenting the broad patterns of national and sub-national differences in income and inequality, building on the seminal … contributions of Engerman and Sokoloff (2000; 2002, 2005) and aiming to capture different dimensions of inequality. We then proceed … thematically, providing empirical evidence and summarizing the key recent studies on colonial institutions, slavery, land reform …

document that adolescent exposure to TRAP laws has downstream impacts on education. We find that Black women first exposed to … inequality. …

explain selection at early stages of the education system. Our findings for Uruguay suggest that long-term factors, such as … parental background or ethnicity matter across all education stages while the effect of short-term factors, such as family … income, wear out as individuals progress in the education system, suggesting a severe selection process at early stages. …

We study whether racial disparities in economic opportunity appear at an early age. Using administrative education data …, our results suggest that the large income-achievement gap for Indigenous students may be rooted in inequality in health … outcomes and poor housing conditions. Our findings on income-achievement gaps across race could partially explain the different …

parents, varies across race. Using education data linked to tax records, we find that the income-achievement gap is small for … the variation in the gap across race. Our results suggest that the large income-achievement gap for Indigenous students … may be rooted in inequality in special needs status. …