migrant-to-migrant peer effects are higher in ability-differencing school systems than in comprehensive schools. Thus, non … parental status would benefit from higher diversity within schools. -- Peer effects ; migration ; education social multipliers …

-specific oppositional cultures. Theoretically, we argue that group-based oppositional cultures become more likely in schools with low socio …-economic resources and in schools where socio-economic differences align with demographic attributes. We test our hypotheses based on …-performing peers less positively than girls do in schools that are less resourceful. Moreover, ethnic minority boys tend to evaluate …