This paper examines the impact of organizational founding conditions on several facets of bureaucratization--managerial intensity, the proliferation of specialized managerial and administrative roles, and formalization of employment relations. Analyzing information on a sample of technology...

This longitudinal study examines nearly 200 high-technology start-ups in California's Silicon Valley, from 1994-2001. Evaluating interviews with founders and CEOs, the authors found that work and employment blueprints depended on variables such as: attachment, coordination/control, and...

"To date, books on low-cost or 'frugal innovation' have been practitioner-oriented and largely based on anecdotal evidence. This ground-breaking book provides a scholarly understanding of frugal innovation, drawing on empirical research. The resulting theoretical framework provides a basis from...