In Data Envelopment Analyses (DEA) of fossil-fuel electricity generating plants, the most common input measures are installed generator capacity (as a proxy for capital), number of employees (as a proxy for labor), and BTUs of fuel (as a proxy for energy). However, these three inputs cannot be...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applications frequently involve nonsubstitutable inputs and nonsubstitutable outputs (that is, fixed proportion technologies). However, DEA theory requires substitutability. In this paper, we illustrate the consequences of nonsubstitutability on DEA efficiency...

This paper provides transit policy makers and managements with a protocol for analyzing the efficiency of an urban area's non-rail transit when multiple types of service are operated. Procedures are described for estimating (a) the individual technical efficiency of each non-rail transit type,...

Fossil-fuel based electricity generation produces the largest proportion of human-related carbon pollution in the United States. Hence, fuel choices by steam plants are key determinants of the industry's impact on national and global greenhouse gas emissions, and key foci for climate change...