Performance evaluation in conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) requires crisp numerical values. However, the observed values of the input and output data in real-world problems are often imprecise or vague. These imprecise and vague data can be represented by linguistic terms...

In a competitive environment, health care organizations must continuously improve their productivity to sustain long-term growth and profitability. Good productivity performance has been mostly assumed to be a natural outcome of successful health care management. Data envelopment analysis (DEA)...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a powerful mathematical method that utilizes linear programming (LP) to determine the relative efficiencies of a set of functionally similar decision making units (DMUs). Evaluating the efficiency of DMUs continues to be a difficult problem to solve, especially...