This paper offers a methodology to address the endogeneity of inputs in the directional technology distance function (DTDF) based formulation of banking technology which explicitly accommodates the presence of undesirable nonperforming loans -- an inherent characteristic of the bank's production...

Existing methods for the measurement of technical efficiency in the dynamic production models obtain it from the implied distance functions without making use of the information about intertemporal economic behavior in the estimation beyond an indirect appeal to duality. The main limitation of...