Despite urban areas covering less than 1 of the world, they host over 50 of the world's population. As population and human activities expand they exert heavy environmental pressure through the resource requirement, their production and consumption. Hence, it is important to understand the...

This study develops and examines physical energy intensity indicators in five industrial sub-sectors—iron and steel, aluminum, textiles, paper, and cement—and investigates mitigation options for energy related CO2 emissions (during 1991–2005). Decomposition analysis has been employed to...