When manufacturers collude to raise wholesale prices for national brands, the input prices of store brands may not be directly affected, either as they are procured competitively from different sources or as retailers are vertically integrated. In this article we explore both conceptually and...

As manufacturers often sell their products through retailers, many manufacturer cartels directly affect retailers, who are, at least in Europe, also increasingly claiming damages. This paper points to an, to our knowledge, hitherto unexplored aspect in such cases. As store brands (or private...