This paper explores the economic models associated to different mobile-payment systems. We first present the existing experiences and review the few economic literature on the subject. We then concentrate on the four economic models currently experimented around the world: the operator-centric...

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on payment systems and preferences around the world, reducing the use of cash in favor of digital payment instruments and accelerating the discussion around the need for a central bank digital currency. This article presents the digital payments...