We survey extant literature on the economics of blockchain fundamentals, with particular focus on Bitcoin, proof-of-work, and proof-of-stake. We formally clarify Bitcoin's economic significance in solving the double-spending problem without a centralized entity. We then transition to the...

We survey extant literature on the economics of blockchain fundamentals with particular focus on Bitcoin, Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake. We formally clarify Bitcoin’s economic significance in solving the double-spending problem without a centralized entity. We then transition to the...

We investigate the role that transaction fees play in the Bitcoin blockchain's evolution from a mining-based structure to a market-based ecology. We develop a game-theoretic model to explain the factors leading to the emergence of transactions fees, as well as to explain the strategic behavior...

Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies prioritize transactions based on their fees, creating a unique kind of fee market. Empirically, this market has failed to yield stable equilibria with predictable prices for desired levels of service. We argue that this is due to the absence of a dominant...