The ever-increasing attention towards climate change has led to investigate the economic and financial impact of environmental risk. In this scenario, we aimed at investigating the relationship between a specific component of environmental risk, namely the so-called carbon risk, and the cost of...

Since the 2016 Paris Agreement, countries and companies have been increasingly pressured to adopt appropriate response measures to climate change. However, it is not clear what factors drive firms to undertake climate change actions. Using a correlated random effects panel probit model, this...

This paper examines the role of financial frictions on the trading of emission allowances. Based on a wide international sample of firms and data from the European Union Emission Trading System (the most liquid and developed in the world) we document that firms with liquidity needs are...

Firms face considerable uncertainty in their regulatory environment, including uncertainty regarding whether and how newly passed policies will be implemented, especially in federated government structures. Although firms can wait until the uncertainty is resolved, they will also lose a...

The interaction between CSR obligations and directors’ legal duties is seriously under examined. This article addresses that lack by examining directors’ duties in case law and legislation across the major commonwealth countries and the USA. It provides an analysis of leading cases and...

An influential emerging literature, led by Bolton and Kacperczyk (2021a), documents strong correlations between unscaled raw emissions and both stock returns and operating performance. We re-examine that data, using a sample of 2,729 U.S. firms from 2005-2019, and conclude that the associations...

We investigate alternative hypotheses for a company's choice for an intensity-only (carbon emissions relative to sales, production, etc.) versus an absolute carbon emissions goal. The hypotheses include: (1) a high growth firm hypothesis whereby high growth companies select an intensity goal, to...

The last decade has experienced an important expansion of openness on firm environmental practices and an increased level of environmental disclosure. An open question remains, however, on the extent to which firms fully commit to the principle of widespread disclosure of their impact on the...

Companies are increasingly viewed as crucial drivers for timely decarbonization. Current accounting practices for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, however, often leave corporate carbon disclosures and abatement obscured. Here I introduce a taxonomy for assuring the quality of corporate carbon...