Purpose - Ten years after Bailey, Gramling and Ramamoorti (2003) presented research opportunities in Internal Audit (IA) this paper provides a synopsis of what academic literature says about IA effectiveness. A new set of research questions that may help to bring the best out of IA is...

Subsequent to preceding literature research, access to multiple case studies was gained through a snapshot questionnaire. Sixteen semi-structured interviews of heads of Internal Audit (CAE) and members of Senior Management (SM) in the same organization were conducted. The interviews were...