The paper studies the employment effects of the widespread job retention support that was provided during the Covid-19 pandemic, using firm-level administrative data for Estonia that cover the whole population of firms in 2019-2020. The endogeneity of the support is addressed by creating a...

This paper studies how the Covid-19 pandemic and the extensive job retention support that accompanied it affected productivity in Europe. The focus is on the reallocation channel and productivity-enhancing reallocation of jobs, following Foster et al., 2016. An extensive micro-distributed...