indicate that employment and energy use are strongly linked in Africa. Unidirectional causality from employment to energy use … estimates did not indicate any causality in Big African players like South Africa, Nigeria, Morocco, Ghana and Senegal. …

strongly linked in Africa. Unilateral causality is found from energy consumption to life expectancy and child under-5 mortality … for Senegal, Morocco, Benin, DRC, Algeria, Egypt, and South Africa. At the same time, we found a bilateral causality …

specific bootstrap critical values. Our results show that education and energy use are strongly linked in Africa. There is … consumption plays a crucial role in the energy-education links in Africa …

hypothesis. Thus, our findings suggest that not all MENA countries need to sacrifice economic growth to decrease their emission … growth …

This study to investigate the causality between human capital, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth … human capital, consumption energy, and economic growth cause CO2 emission in the short-run; and the last finding, there is …

hypothesis. Thus, our findings suggest that not all MENA countries need to sacrifice economic growth to decrease their emission … growth …

African countries over the period 1988-2010. Our results show that growth and energy use are strongly linked in Africa …We make use of a bootstrap panel analysis of causality between energy use and economic growth for a sample of sixteen …. However, African countries are heterogeneous and there is no “one way” recommendation about energy-growth relationship that …

, upper middle income group, and high income group. We employ the GMM-SYS approach for the estimation of the panel VAR model … in each of the four groups. Afterwards, the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is tested … and economic growth; (b) in the middle income groups (lower and upper middle income groups), economic growth leads energy …

) and economic growth (GDP) in 24 African countries using a panel ARDL approach. The following findings are established …