This paper examines the effect of energy costs on industry export competitiveness. Most studies in the literature use direct energy consumption (energy consumption at the final stage of production) and domestic energy prices to compute energy costs faced by domestic industries. Using...

.1 billion a year. Similarly, a carbon tax that unilaterally increases energy prices by 10 percent in the European Union could reduce European Union-wide net manufacturing exports by 1.9 percent annually

This paper examines the effect of energy costs on industry export competitiveness. Most studies in the literature use direct energy consumption (energy consumption at the final stage of production) and domestic energy prices to compute energy costs faced by domestic industries. Using...

We investigate whether a country’s comparative advantage is affected by the costs of an input to production embodied in the supply chain. Motivated by the fact that most industrial energy use takes place in the supply chain, we focus on the case of energy costs. Using a disaggregated dataset...

We investigate whether the costs of an input to production embodied in the supply chain can be a source of comparative advantage. Motivated by the fact that most industrial energy use takes place in the supply chain, we focus on the case of energy costs. Using a disaggregated dataset on trade...