In Indonesia, the transportation sector is the third largest energy consuming sector (28%) after the industrial and residential sector. Transport energy consumption is mostly driven by the road sub-sector. In order to reduce fuel consumption and emissions production in the transportation sector,...

Energy is fundamental to the quality of life in the earth. Meeting the growing demand for energy sustainably is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Indonesia is a developing country and the world's fourth most populous nation. Total annual energy consumption increased from...