competitive algorithm (ICA-ANN) and ANN to predict the energy consumption for land leveling. Design/methodology/approach Using ANN … compressibility factor, specific gravity, moisture content, slope, sand per cent and soil swelling index on energy consumption were …-fill volume (V), had the highest sensitivity on the output parameters, including labor energy, fuel energy, total machinery cost …

). In this context, the purpose of this paper is to study the energy status in Qatar. More specifically, Qatar energy supply … side is studied through the CPDP. In an effort to decrease the energy consumption by raising the efficiency of the CPDP (at … the supply side), and conserving energy at the demand side, primarily energy footprint is performed. Design …

The oil price decline creates an opportunity to dismantle energy subsidies, which escalated with high oil prices. This … paper assesses energy subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean—about 1.8 percent of GDP in 2011–13 (approximately … poorer institutions subsidize more. Energy-rich countries subsidize fuel more, but low-income countries are more likely to …