It is important for an architect or a construction manager to easily and accurately estimate the heating and cooling demand of a residential building with a different envelope design in the early design phase. To achieve this objective, this study aimed to develop a nine-node-based Lagrangian...

Building envelope design is considered one of the typical energy-saving techniques. Building envelope serves as the physical separator between building’s interior and exterior environment so as to maintain indoor thermal comfort. To achieve building sustainability, this research aims to...

With the world's attention focused on climate change, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change provides the basis for global action to encourage sustainable development. A wide variety of measures are being taken in South Korea in line with this trend, but new and renewable...