This paper investigates how large-scale energy storage can assist the integration of fluctuating renewable energy by using the Irish energy system, pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES), and wind power as a case study. In total three key aspects were investigated in relation to PHES: its...

The hypothesis of this paper is that in order to identify least cost solutions of the integration of fluctuating renewable energy sources into current or future 100% renewable energy supplies one has to take a Smart Energy Systems approach. This paper outline why and how to do so. Traditionally,...