Paying particular attention to firm founders' international orientation, the factors that influence the success of start-up firms originating from universities are investigated; more specifically, whether university researchers who have launched new ventures are globally oriented enough to survive...

Purpose – The paper explores the composition of employment in new innovative firms. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the mixture of job positions at the firm level measured by employees’ occupational position, their qualification and specialisation, as well as their origin....