Entrepreneurship is risky. Most new technologies and new businesses fail. Shane (2008) reported that 25% of new businesses failed in the first year and that by the fifth year, fewer than half had survived. In the United Kingdom, Stark (2001) presented data showing a 75% failure rate for small...

Three studies explored the effects of uncertainty on people's time preferences for financial gains and losses. In general, individuals seek to avoid uncertainty in situations of intertemporal choice. While holding the expected value of payouts constant, participants preferred immediate gains and...