interview market participants and triangulate the perspectives of borrowers with those of formal and informal lenders …. Importantly, our research includes current and past borrowing from formal and informal sources, prompting participants to draw … unintended consequence of formal microfinance: The availability of formal low-interest microfinance creates informal …

of poverty, the probit model emphasizes that women are more favored in access to microcredit (ii) second, in terms of …

This paper asks what low-income countries can expect from growth in terms of happiness. It interprets the set of … available international evidence pertaining to the relationship between income growth and subjective well-being. Consistent with … the Easterlin paradox, higher income is always associated with higher happiness scores, except in one case: whether growth …

aggregate output; and (ii) reduced form demand models, where income is expected to cause (separately) per capita residential … different panels a set of super-consistent causality findings across three demand models that income “Granger-causes” per capita …