In the booming research on the environmental footprint of, for example, electrical vehicles, heat pumps and other (smart) electricity consuming appliances, there is a clear need to know the hourly CO2 content of one kWh of electricity. Since the CO2 footprint of electricity can vary every hour;...

Several Well-to-Wheel and LCA analyses of vehicles and fuels have been developed over the past years. In this paper a transparent and univocal methodology is presented, allowing to compare the environmental impact of battery, hybrid and fuel cell electric vehicles with diesel, petrol, bio-fuels,...