In this paper, we develop a formal model that combines point-source emitters of waste, with landholders that can provide pollution-offset activities, in one ‘environment economy’. We use the model to demonstrate the societal benefits of such a system relative to a stand-alone tradable permit...

The production and consumption of environmental goods and services are subject to many of the problems associated with public goods. Due to their non-rival and non-excludable nature, incentives for individuals to invest in their production are often absent. To address this market failure,...

This article focuses on the program of Ecological Afforestation on barren lands, degraded arable lands, harvested sites and sloped farmland in Sichuan, China. Farmers were given the opportunity to propose afforestation activities for which they would be paid an specified amount. These bids and...

In theory, competitive emission permit markets minimise total abatement cost for any emissionceiling. Permit markets are often imperfectly competitive, however, if they are thin anddominated by large firms. The dominant firm(s) could exercise market power and increase otherfirms’ costs of...

Market based mechanisms are growing in importance in environmental policy making. In theory market based mechanisms equate marginal abatement costs between polluting sources, thereby allocating emissions control responsibility at least cost. The step from theory to field implementation is,...

In theory, competitive emission permit markets minimise total abatement cost for any emission ceiling. Permit markets are often imperfectly competitive, however, if they are thin and dominated by large firms. The dominant firm(s) could exercise market power and increase other firms’ costs of...