To achieve environmentally sound manufacturing processes, environmental management (EM) and operations management (OM) need to be implemented in an integrated manner. The literature characterizing the relationship between EM and OM has broadly investigated the positive effects of environmental...

The bullwhip effect has long been recognized as a critical factor that amplifies demand variability as customer orders pass upstream through successive tiers of a supply chain. Like customer demand, environmental requirements also change significantly at times, and are passed along the supply...