“Flexible regulation” might sound like an oxymoron but it has become a widely accepted catch phrase for a pragmatic approach to regulation that promises the achievement of important public policy objectives at relatively low cost. Given the growing interest in flexible regulation in recent...

For too long, environmental policymaking has relied on trial and error, without adequate or systematic learning from either the trials or the errors. Systematic program evaluation research has been remarkably scarce relative to the overall number of environmental policies adopted in the United...

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of management-based regulations in reducing pollution. Management-based regulations do not establish strict pollution reduction standards, but rather require each regulated entity to engage in its own review and planning process and develop a set of...